What Is Childhood Trauma?

Childhood shapes the foundation of who we become. Unfortunately, for many children, early life experiences are marked by pain and distress that can be carried with them into adulthood. Understanding what childhood trauma is, learning how to recognize the signs of childhood trauma, and addressing the long-term effects of childhood trauma are fundamental steps toward creating healthier futures for our kids and our society.

Childhood trauma refers to a harsh experience that overwhelms the ability of a child to cope and leaves long-lasting effects on these experience’s negative development. The American Psychological Association defines trauma as “an emotional response to a terrible event like an accident, rape, or natural disaster,” and when this occurs during childhood, it can interfere with brain development and emotional stability (American Psychological Association, 2023). In children, trauma is not only about the event itself but also about the disruption of their sense of safety and trust.

According to experts there are three main types of trauma in children: acute trauma, which results from a single overwhelming event; chronic trauma, which arises from repeated exposure to harmful situations such as long-term abuse; and complex trauma, which involves multiple, layered traumatic experiences often occurring within the family (Sandstone Care, 2025). Each type leaves a different psychological imprint, but all can alter the way children understand themselves and the world around them.

Healing is possible, even after severe early trauma. Recovery requires safe environments, supportive relationships, and often professional therapy. Accepting, understanding and providing a loving shelter for children, helps them reframe negative experiences, build resilience, and develop coping strategies.

After recognizing the importance of mental health care for children who have lost their families to war or who live under the threat of domestic violence, SOS Children’s Villages Armenia goes beyond providing education, social support, and overall healthcare. We ensure that every child has access to professional psychological assistance. Our children work with dedicated psychologists because we believe that a healthy mind is the foundation of a healthy body—and vice versa.

As an international and independent organization, SOS Children’s Villages Armenia relies on our SOS Friends, our valued monthly donors. These SOS friends not only support our children through their regular contributions but also with their encouragement, ideas, and commitment to helping us create brighter futures.

You too can become one of our SOS Friends. With your Monthly Donation of any amount, you can give a child the gift of having a stable, loving family environment, and the chance to dream again. Together, as one SOS family , we can turn their pain into hope.